Papers
The Influence of Conflict on the Demand for Education in the Basque Region
Co-authored with Olaf de Groot
It has previously been shown that civil conflict influences many economic factors, including education, which play an important role in development and economic growth. Previous authors working on the influence of conflict on education have, however, always focused strongly on the supply-side effects,
whereas this paper examines the influence of conflict on the demand for education. It is theoretically shown that, under relatively general conditions,individuals living in a conflict area have an incentive to increase their level of education and that this e¤ect depends on the individual's skill level. This
hypothesis is then tested using the conflict in the Basque Region as a case study, which is an example of a conflict in which one would not expect strong supply-side e¤ects. Using the other Spanish regions, an arti
cial region is created in which the population has a similar educational distribution as in the Basque Region. When comparing the true and arti
cial regions, it can clearly be seen that for individuals with a medium level of education, there is a strong incentive to increase their education level, which is in concordance with the theoretical model.
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CONSERVATISM AND FEMALE LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION IN TURKEY
Job Market Paper
The aim of this paper is to investigate the main determinants for mothers to decide to participate in the labour force in Turkey. Turkey is a particularly important case as, unlike in many other countries, female labour force participation has shown a decreasing trend in the last 50 years. This paper aims to elaborate on the causes of this decrease. In addition to the main determinants found in previous literature, this paper adds a new variable that influences female labour force participation in Turkey: Conservatism and the role of traditional and social norms. An original proxy for conservatism is created by using a unique data set about perceptions and the recent election results in Turkey. Four indices that might influence conservatism are formed: Tradition, social norms, men’s decision power and the tendency to vote for a radical party. The results are in accordance with the previous literature stating that migration, child care institutions and education level play an important role in the participation decision of women. Furthermore, this paper presents a new concept by showing that social norms, religion and men’s higher bargaining power play a negative role in the probability of women working in urban areas, while they have the opposite influence in rural areas. Moreover, radical party supporters are generally more conservative about female labour force participation.
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Determinants of Demand for Education in Turkey
forthcoming as a chapter in Child Poverty and Disparities: Public Policies for Social Justice"
The paper aims to explain the main factors that affect the demand for education in Turkey for both boys and girls and to investigate the presence of differences between genders. The main conclusion derived in this paper is that income growth and improvement in parents’ education contribute positively to children’s school attainment, and the positive effect is higher for girls than it is for boys. Moreover, while girls are more negatively affected by the number of the boys in the household, boys are influenced negatively by having a self-employed father. Furthermore, when mothers have power to decide they give much importance to the education of their children then the case when decision is left to fathers.
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